Hyper asthenic structure of a woman. Female body types. Of the character traits of hypersthenics, note:
Who is a hypersthenic? This is a body type that has special character traits. This type, as well as the pattern itself, was studied by the German psychologist Kretschmer. In his opinion, there are three main body types and their inherent character traits.
- Asthenics. Outwardly, these people are thin, with narrow shoulders and chest, their arms, legs and face are elongated and even slightly disproportionate to the body. They are extremely non-emotional, attentive to others and always control and weigh all their words and movements. Internally, asthenics are very strong, although outwardly they do not make such an impression, since they do not strive forward, but prefer to remain in the shadows.
- Normosthenics. Physically, these people are very well built, have a muscular body and prefer to devote a lot of time to physical training. Normosthenics love attention and prefer to always be in a leading position. This often prevents them from getting along with people.
- Hypersthenics. These people often suffer from excess weight and their body shape is slightly rounded. They prefer to avoid gyms and prefer to go on diets. Hypersthenics are open and sociable; they always easily find a solution to the current situation, because they can quickly assess the situation and think calmly.
More about hypersthenics
The structural features of the body of hypersthenics are as follows: the shape is round, the body is disproportionately larger than the limbs, the fingers and neck are short. Their metabolism is poorly developed, which is why hypersthenics easily gain weight and find it difficult to lose it.
Sport, as already mentioned, was not created for them. They would rather limit their food cravings than hit the treadmill. But it is physical activity that hypersthenics need most of all, since they need to build muscle mass to speed up that same metabolism. And it turns out to be a cycle.
This lifestyle leads to the fact that hypersthenics become more and more fat with age, even despite proper nutrition and physical activity. Hypersthenics are prone to baldness, but at the same time their beard and mustache (male hypersthenics) grow very well.
Given their physical structure, it cannot be said that they are gluttons. Their appetite is moderate, food is digested quite slowly. At the same time, they are partial to spicy, bitter and astringent things.
Very often, hypersthenics live to an old age, while never feeling the need for money in their lives. They, as they say, come to them. They have a broad soul and love to talk. They are not temperamental, and one might even say they are vulnerable. They become attached to people and are often jealous, but patient.
Hypesthenics are very friendly and always solve problems not only for themselves, but also for other people. These are kind and sympathetic people who are at the same time very vulnerable and strong in spirit. Hypersthenics quickly forgive insults and do not have the habit of taking revenge. Maybe that’s why they say that all fat people are kind...
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Asthenic body type (ectomorph)
Main characteristics:
- "Fragile" structure
- Classic “skinny people” who have a hard time gaining weight (both fat and muscle mass)
- Flat chest
- Narrow shoulders
- Small muscle mass
- Increased basal metabolism
Ectomorph- a typical “thin guy”, be it a man or a woman. The ectomorph's body has a light structure with small joints and small muscle mass, long limbs, elongated muscles and narrow shoulders. Most often, the weight of ectomorphs is normal or below normal.
Ectomorph women are characterized by general thinness, a long and thin neck, narrow shoulders, a flat and narrow chest, elongated thin limbs, an elongated face and a thin nose. Height is often above average.
The muscles of such women are poorly developed. Therefore, they lack strength and endurance. But the representatives of this group are energetic, light and graceful, and have little weight. One of the obvious advantages of an asthenic physique is the minimal tendency to be overweight.
When choosing sports disciplines, it is better to give preference to those that are aimed at developing missing skills: strength and endurance. These include swimming, aerobics, and dancing.
To correctly classify your body type as thin-boned, measure the circumference of your wrist. In the group under consideration it should be less than 15 cm.
Ectomorph character
Asthenics are focused on understanding the external and internal world, on constant reflection on life, science, and art. They love a variety of logical problems, are prone to abstraction and mathematical reasoning, and are not averse to imagining, but in Everyday life They are more often guided by reason than by feelings.
For an asthenic person, work that requires lengthy reflection, classification, and systematization of scattered facts is more suitable. Asthenics, unlike hypersthenics, more easily move from simple to more complex types of work, reaching the peak of their performance by the middle or end of the working day.
It is more difficult for an asthenic person to establish contact with other people and he is more comfortable working with documents and equipment in scientific and design departments.
Normosthenic body type (mesomorph)
Main characteristics:
- Athletic
- Strong physique
- Well defined muscle definition
- Rectangular figure
- Gains muscle mass easily
- Gains weight easier than an ectomorph
Mesomorphs have large bones, large muscle mass and a strong build, and are usually quite athletic. This is the ideal physique for bodybuilding and many other sports disciplines. It is relatively easy for people with this body type to gain and lose weight.
In women of this constitution, the main body dimensions are proportional.
Such ladies often have slender legs, a thin waist and, in general, a beautiful harmonious figure. Height is usually average.
Such people are naturally well-coordinated, sharp and fast. Of the sports disciplines best suited
t game types (volleyball, basketball, etc.).
The circumference of the wrist should be between 15 and 17 cm.
Mesomorph character
Mesomorphs hate unfinished business, red tape and reasoning. He likes clearly defined tasks that require decisive and immediate action. He speaks easily in large audiences, among unfamiliar people, and is often a good organizer.
Normosthenics are suitable for professions related to production activities, the creation of material assets and managing people. This expresses his need to transform the surrounding reality, including managing people.
Normosthenics always strive to dominate in communication and relationships. Normosthenics need to learn to respect the rights of other people so that their self-confident behavior does not suppress representatives of other types. And this way they will be able to achieve even greater success.
Hypersthenic body type (endomorph)
Main characteristics:
- Soft body with rounded shapes
- Easily gains fat and muscle mass
- Short stature
- Having a hard time losing weight
- Poorly defined muscles
Endomorphs are more likely than other types to have excess weight even while consuming fewer calories.
Women of this constitution have heavy and wide bones, voluminous shoulders, wide and short chest, slightly shortened limbs (as a rule). Height is often below average.
By nature, such ladies have strength and endurance, but are deprived of flexibility and grace. Therefore, the recommended sports disciplines are the following: yoga, callanetics, martial arts, etc.
In addition, the disadvantages of a hypersthenic body type include a low metabolic rate, which
implies an increased tendency to be overweight.
The circumference of the wrist with a large-boned physique is more than 17 cm.
Endomorph character
Hypersthenics are sociable, emotional, impressionable, and their behavior is driven by feelings, not reason. People of this type love company, know how to make fun of themselves and others, and easily make acquaintances and adapt to new surroundings.
Hypersthenics easily switch from one task to another, but they are more likely to develop fatigue and lose interest in work. It is easier for them to switch to other things than to continue what they started. Therefore, for effective work, it is advisable for a hypersthenic person to start the day by solving more complex problems, and at the end of the day to do easier work.
Hypersthenics have good short-term memory, so they effectively solve current, operational problems.
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Determining your body type
What each type looks like in photo + video
Many dietary websites give the following names for the types: asthenic (or hyposthenic), normosthenic, hypersthenic. And on sites dedicated to fitness and bodybuilding they are: ectomorph, endomorph, mesomorph.
If we compare them, we get:
Mesomorph = normosthenic
Endomorph = hypersthenic
Ectomorph = asthenic
Brief description of the main body types<
Hyposthenic body type (thin-boned)
In people with an asthenic (thin-boned) body type, longitudinal dimensions prevail over transverse ones: the limbs are long, thin bones, the neck is long and thin, the muscles are poorly developed, the amount of adipose tissue is usually below average - including in women. Features of the internal structure - due to the elongated chest - the heart is usually small, the shape of the heart is elongated, drop-shaped, the lungs are also elongated, the absorption capacity of the gastrointestinal tract is reduced.
People of this type face the greatest difficulty in gaining muscle mass
and volume.
Normosthenic body type (normal)
People with this type are characterized by good development of muscle mass, and as a result, a strong and developed bone skeleton. The amount of adipose tissue is approximately average. Features of the internal structure - the chest is convex, the shoulders are wide, the length of the limbs is proportional. All characteristics correspond to average.
People with this type are gifted by nature
, having the best potential for bodybuilding and body fitness.
Hypersthenic body type (big boned)
People with this type are characterized by a high-positioned diaphragm, a relatively large heart, usually below average height relative to weight, a rounded chest - flattened from top to bottom, and usually a short neck. The amount of adipose tissue is usually higher than average.
Such people have a slow metabolism and a large, large-boned structure. Prone to fat accumulation, which is quite difficult to lose. Achieves weight gain without difficulty.
Determining your body type
The simplest and most accurate You can determine your body type by measuring the circumference of the wrist of your working hand: for normosthenics it is 16-18.5 cm, for asthenics it is less than 16 cm, and for hypersthenics it is more than 18.5 cm. For simplicity and clarity, the data is presented in the table below
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Characters of people depending on body type
Kretschmer (a psychologist from Germany) studied the patterns and relationships between a person’s figure and his character traits. As a result of this, he came to the conclusion that there are three main body types:
- Hyposthenic (asthenic) – ectomorph.
- Normosthenic – mesomorph.
- Hypersthenic – endomorph.
It should immediately be noted that physique is determined mainly by a genetic predisposition to a specific body type. We inherit it from birth. Naturally, throughout life, the outline of the body can change, a person gains weight or loses weight.
But cardinal changes in the type of body composition are impossible, just as the type of human temperament does not change. Of course, the division of all people into types is quite arbitrary, but thanks to this you will be able to better understand yourself and other people, realize what your strengths and weaknesses are, and begin to successfully use your personal abilities.
So, a hyposthenic person is outwardly thin. He has a narrow chest and narrow shoulders, elongated legs, arms, and face. The body parts are somewhat disproportionate to each other.
Such a person is characterized by low emotionality; he often thinks long and hard and weighs all his movements, words, and actions. He has a strong inner core and a strong character, but at the same time he often remains in the shadows and does not like to do anything for show.
Normosthenics are easily recognized by their good, harmonious physique. His muscular body is beautiful and attractive. He loves attention to himself and is often in the lead. The desire to be in charge often prevents him from building relationships with other people. Also, a person with a normosthenic character is distinguished by energy and determination.
A hypersthenic person often suffers from excess weight, he does not like to go to the gym and pays much more attention to diets than to physical activity. Moreover, such people are often sociable, able to quickly respond to a situation and find a solution to get out of it. We will talk about this type of character in more detail later.
Thick people are sincere and charming individuals
As mentioned above, hypersthenics tend to be overweight, their figure is round and loose, their neck and fingers are short, their torso and limbs are disproportionate. It would seem that the hypersthenic body type is not the most attractive, but psychologically such people are the luckiest. Often such individuals are successful and happy, they are lucky in life. Therefore, this body type in women does not cause them any special problems.
Why is that? The thing is that they are endowed with natural charm, openness to the world and people, and sincerity. Thanks to this, it is easy for such people to get along with others, they get sincere pleasure from communication and from life in general.
Such people rarely need money. Their broad soul attracts not only people, but also finances. And the ability to maintain composure even in extremely stressful situations allows them to live to an old age.
Despite their absolute lack of temperament, they often become very attached to people. This means that it is quite easy to upset them with a lack of attention on your part. This attitude is caused by their increased vulnerability and sincerity.
Hypersthenics are patient and friendly. They are attentive to others and often help in solving their problems. These sympathetic and kind people are often vulnerable, but because of their fortitude, they rarely show it.
Their distinctive feature is the ability to quickly forgive any offense and a complete lack of desire to take revenge. Perhaps it is this quality of character that often contributes to the perception of overweight people as kind and benevolent individuals.
This type of people loves comfort in everything and everywhere. A woman creates a cozy haven in her home in which her family feels very comfortable. The man leads an active business life, in which success never leaves him.
The hospitality of such individuals, their sociability and caring nature attract people, which makes hypersthenics the soul of any company. These are socially active people who constantly strive forward and charge everyone around with their bright, sunny energy.
To make it more clear, let's highlight the main characteristic features of dense people:
- Relaxation in communication, movements, behavior (the main reason is weak muscle tone).
- Slow reactions.
- Dependence on external and internal comfort.
- Love for food.
- Addiction to social life, spending time in the company of people.
- Friendliness and sociability.
- Friendliness and equal treatment of different categories of people.
- Focus on the opinions of others.
- Ease of expressing feelings.
- Thirst for approval and love from friends.
- Tolerance for the opinions of others.
- Patience.
- Good dream. There is no need for long sleep.
- Focus on family and children.
- In difficult times, there is a need for communication and reassurance.
- A healthy sense of humor.
- Commitment to tradition.
- Hospitality, caring.
Women and men with a similar body type need physical activity. They need to build muscle mass, and then the metabolism will speed up on its own. After all, it cannot be said that they have a very strong appetite. No, such people, on the contrary, often limit their eating habits, which, unfortunately, has little effect on their weight.
You should eat in moderation and eat only healthy foods with minimal sugar content. The amount of healthy fats should be no more than 25% of the total food. Such people benefit from split meals and small portions. Get up from the table feeling slightly hungry.
Hypersthenics are distinguished by a cheerful and friendly disposition. This often leads to such people being taken advantage of. You should be alert and not spread yourself thin.
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What are the body types?
Each person has a specific physique, which is characterized by a set of proportions and the specific structure of body parts, as well as the peculiarities of the development of bone, muscle and fat tissue. These parameters are laid down in the prenatal period, and further changes are subject to the genetic program.
Most people have a combination body type. It includes characteristics of different types of constitution. For example, some people may have narrow shoulders and wide hips. It is often called pear-shaped.
The proportions of a person's body are an important indicator of physical health. If a disproportion is observed, this indicates various disorders in the body associated with abnormalities in the endocrine system or genetic failures. Based on proportions, we can distinguish the following types of human physique:
- Mesomorphic type. These are people whose proportions are close in value to the average parameter. In this case, age, gender and many other features are taken into account.
- Brachymorphic type. People of this type are muscular and strong, of short stature. The transverse dimensions of body parts exceed the longitudinal ones. The same applies to internal organs.
- Dolichomorphic type. He is a tall man with long arms and legs. There is a small layer of fat under the skin, but the muscles are poorly developed. In this case, the longitudinal dimensions of the body parts prevail over the transverse ones.
Types of body types in men
Representatives of the stronger sex can be plump and thin, flabby and pumped up, fragile and athletic. In a word, men have different body constitutions, the types of which are called such as ectomorph, endomorph and mesomorph.
Ectomorphs
This type of figure is also called asthenic. A man of this body type is sophisticated, which is expressed in elongated proportions. An asthenic person has narrow shoulders, and his height is generally above average. Endomorphs have practically no fat deposits, just like muscles, because muscle tissue is quite poorly developed. It is very difficult for them to build muscle. But such men have a slim figure, and they are not afraid of excess fat. Ectomorphs find it easy to stay slim.
As psychologists note, such people are usually withdrawn and very vulnerable. They are not subject to stress, they are not at all concerned about the problems of the people around them, but at the same time they have outbursts of aggression. Often such men are self-absorbed and it is very difficult to penetrate their inner world.
Endomorphs
This body type for men is also called picnic. Its representatives have a massive figure, short limbs and neck. They are often called squat. They gain weight very easily, which is why there are many overweight people among endomorphs. Having well-developed muscle tissue, such men are able to maintain good physical shape. But at the same time they easily lose it, because they easily gain excess weight.
Psychologically, they are highly susceptible to stress, sentimental and non-conflict. Being very friendly, such men are able to attract people with their carelessness and charm. It is easy to find a common language with them. But among representatives of this type of figure there are quite vulnerable and touchy individuals, when communicating with whom you need to be careful.
Mesomorphs
Men of this type have an athletic build, they are strong and muscular. They have a strong skeleton and well-developed muscles, broad shoulders, and a dense torso. The man's limbs are of medium length, and adipose tissue is poorly expressed. Such men are very energetic.
Mesomorphs are confident people. There are few creative individuals among them, since such men are dominated by stereotypical thinking. These are leaders both at work and in the family. They are resistant to stress and drastic changes in their lives.
These types of body types in men are considered the most common, but often a person’s figure is a combination of individual elements of each type. As a rule, one of them prevails over the other two.
Types of female physiques
Thanks to the classification of Professor V.M. Chernorutsky, three main body types are distinguished among women. Types of female figures: asthenic, normosthenic and hypersthenic.
Asthenic appearance
Such women are characterized by thinness, a thin and long neck, a flat chest, narrow shoulders, elongated thin limbs, an elongated face and a thin nose. They are usually taller than average. The asthenic type of women is characterized by poorly developed muscles, so they are not very strong and resilient. But they have sufficient energy, lightness, grace and are not prone to being overweight.
Normosthenic appearance
This body constitution in women implies a proportional figure, slender legs, and a thin waist. They are usually of average height. Such ladies have good coordination, they are fast and sharp. For this type of physique, types of sports disciplines should have a gaming orientation. These include basketball, volleyball, tennis, and water aerobics.
Hypersthenic appearance
Women of this constitution have wide and heavy bones, large shoulders, a wide and short chest, and slightly shortened limbs. Height is below average. Possessing natural strength and endurance, such ladies are deprived of grace and flexibility. Therefore, for this body type, types of sports disciplines should be aimed at eliminating these shortcomings. Recommended areas: yoga, martial arts, callanetics, etc. In women with a hypersthenic type of constitution, metabolism is very slow, so they are most often overweight.
These are the main body types for women, and they can also be combined with each other in various ways.
Conclusion
There are different human body types. It has been proven that they can affect the condition of the body. Knowing your constitutional type, you can try to correct the situation. Many begin to engage in certain sports to eliminate their shortcomings, others adjust their diet. The main thing is to remember that nothing is impossible.
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Hypersthenic is a type of physique and skeletal structure, suggesting a tendency to be overweight, rapid weight gain, as well as a number of psychological and characterological characteristics. These individuals are rather slow both in their movements and in making decisions; they express calmness, while being distinguished by a certain sense of purpose.
Hypersthenics can be identified by the characteristics of their figure, which is prone to obesity with any diet and physical activity. In general, they create a feeling of rounded shapes - short fingers, practically absent neck, disproportionate limbs. This combination causes a feeling of excessive roundness of a person, some disproportion and unattractiveness from the point of view of physical parameters, however, psychologically such people turn out to be the most attractive to others. These are successful, lucky people who are able to infect everyone around them with their enthusiasm and positivity, due to which they enjoy the favor of society and always have a large support group.
Who is it
Hypersthenics are open and kind people who are able to quickly forgive insults. They do not have a feeling of revenge, even despite bright outbursts of discontent, and even jealousy manifests itself quite often, but always against the backdrop of deep patience. Before expressing dissatisfaction or taking radical measures, a person will digest the situation within himself for a long time, give others a second chance and silently wait for changes in a favorable direction.
Showing such tolerance and the ability to stoically endure any troubles in life is achieved through fortitude combined with a high level of emotional sensitivity. We can say that these people represent the sages of humanity, even at a very young age.
After all, it is attention to others, the ability to understand everyone’s motivation, combined with enormous inner patience, that helps them survive in any situation.
In social relationships, hypersthenics are characterized by quick and deep attachment, they tend to establish emotionally charged connections. Therefore, there is a tendency to quickly forgive the misdeeds of loved ones. For hypersthenics themselves, this trait often turns out to be negative, because experiences of inattention from significant people or quarrels with them can significantly affect peace of mind.
These people are bright, love to talk and often become the unspoken leaders or the heart of the company, while they rarely take on the function of formally leading a group of people. Natural charm and the ability to find an approach to every person makes hypersthenics attractive to society. Their spontaneity and openness in communication captivate anyone and make them feel like they are close to an old good friend from the first minutes of communication.
The breadth of soul and the ability to enjoy the current moment form in a hypersthenic a special attitude not only towards people, but also towards money and life in general. A bankruptcy situation is practically impossible for them, because these people know how to spend money for their own pleasure, easily and naturally. At the same time, they manage to create situations in which money is just as easily drawn to them.
An important feature for a successful financial situation is the same patience and some composure, thanks to which unjustified risks and hasty decisions are eliminated, but it is possible to maintain clarity of mind in stressful situations.
They are hospitable and able to create comfort in any environment, so a hypersthenic woman will make her home such that any guest, crossing the threshold, will feel protected and in a good position. Men are famous for their caring nature and constant striving forward, so if you need support and inspiration, then no one can organize it better than a hypersthenic person. And just like the ability and desire to create comfortable conditions for others, the hypersthenic’s own emotional dependence on the level of comfort is clearly expressed.
They are tolerant, always open to communication, guided by the opinions of others, easy to express and beautifully design their own feelings. These are the people who honor traditions, maintain family ties and are always ready to help.
Features of hypersthenic physique
There are three main body types: hypersthenic, and. The body of a hypersthenic person has its own characteristics that ensure a constant tendency towards excess weight. The predisposition begins with skeletal features such as a broad chest, waist and bone structure, with the limbs being somewhat shortened compared to the proportions of other types. Most hypersthenics have below average height, as well as a high position of the diaphragm (visually shortens the neck), which together gives a feeling of stockiness and some heaviness of the figure. The entire body shape of a hypersthenic has rounded outlines, soft lines and fairly visible subcutaneous fat layers.
Characteristic is the presence of a round belly, the shape of the head is also most often rounded, with a somewhat flattened crown. The face is wide, with soft contours and loose structure. A hypersthenic man is prone to baldness, but at the same time there is good growth of facial hair.
In addition to their structural features, hypersthenics have slow metabolic processes, due to which weight is gained very quickly and is difficult to lose. A distinctive feature in choosing to adjust your own weight is to avoid exercise and focus on reducing food portions or diet content.
Hypersthenics do not like sports, but this is precisely the key to staying in shape for them, since it is not a balanced diet, but physical exercise that speeds up the body's metabolic processes, allowing you to avoid accumulating excess weight.
How to lose weight for hypersthenics
Since the hypersthenic type accumulates fat deposits more easily than others and is the worst at parting with them, the problem of losing weight for these people is the most pressing. But before you begin a difficult and grueling struggle with your own figure, you should work on the psychological perception of your shape, because even if a hypersthenic person spends all his days in the gym and eats only cucumbers, his figure will still remain heavier and more voluminous than that of other types will be perceived as stocky due to the characteristics of the skeletal apparatus. The main task comes down to maintaining a healthy weight and finding the image and style that will maximally emphasize your personal individuality.
The main advice comes down to increasing physical activity (not only targeted sports, but also daily household activity), since it is they who speed up the metabolism. This is most important for hypersthenics, whose digestive tract is configured to quickly absorb calories and requires increased processing. The indifference to sports characteristic of these people can be overcome by signing up for group classes or competitive sections. The main thing here is to provide an element of exciting communication, when sports will only be an addition to an interesting conversation, without which hypersthenics feel quite depressed.
Exercises must be chosen so that the complex necessarily includes strength training, allowing you to adjust body proportions and speed up metabolism. Interval training programs performed every other day are highly effective.
The importance of providing constant physical activity is explained by the need to constantly build muscles - they consume most of the calories, even in the absence of movement.
It is necessary to remove foods containing starch, high amounts of carbohydrates, as well as foods with a high percentage of cholesterol and animal fat from the diet. A high-fiber diet that includes vegetables and greens is optimal. You should be careful when consuming fruits; the high percentage of sugars in many of them can neutralize all efforts and diets. It is optimal to eat a few pieces in the first half of the day, which will provide the necessary boost of energy for the day. The feeling of satiety with such a diet can be obtained through the consumption of protein, which will simultaneously provide materials for the formation of muscle mass.
Eating should occur at clearly designated times in small portions (it is better to increase the frequency than the volume), which is the key to maintaining good shape. When a hypersthenic person begins to eat randomly or once a day, weight accumulates at a faster rate, even with high physical exertion.
It is necessary to exclude smoking, since it is poorly compatible with an active and sporty lifestyle and contributes to the deterioration of the respiratory and vascular systems, which are already subject to great stress in hypersthenics. In addition, smoking will reduce the effectiveness of training, and therefore the number of calories burned. Alcohol must be avoided not only because of its detrimental effects on overall health, but also because this product is high in calories.
Following a daily routine that involves eliminating stress and maintaining a balance of sleep and wakefulness will help you lose weight. Each body copes with stress factors in its own way, and if someone loses weight in a nervous environment, the hypersthenic person will unconsciously begin to lean on food and gain weight by eating up troubles. Therefore, it is important to ensure that all problems are resolved in a timely manner and distance from a psychologically uncomfortable environment.
Speaker of the Medical and Psychological Center "PsychoMed"
Some are naturally inclined to be overweight and look impressive - broad shoulders and chest, sloping hips... While others are thin and have difficulty gaining muscle mass, fighting for every gram. How to find out what body type you are, and are there universal methods for determining?
In this article we will talk about the set of proportions of the human body, which has certain characteristics, including:
- massiveness of the skeleton;
- bone length;
- metabolic features.
Let us immediately warn you that some indicators cannot be changed simply because they are innate. This is about:
- growth;
- features of skeletal development;
- width of the bone;
- some characteristics of our body - for example, narrow or excessively wide hips, shoulders, full legs, etc.
The last point can still be corrected, but not to the limit - for example, a woman with narrow shoulders will not be able to make them wide, like a man’s - she will only pump up her muscles.
Body type largely determines what our body is capable of and what kind of figure we will gravitate towards in the wrong situation - eating high-calorie foods and forgetting about activity. Body structure is directly related to our health and often affects it. Thus, asthenics are prone to certain diseases, and normosthenics are prone to completely different ones. And the tactics we choose in the fight against extra pounds, successful weight loss, and our well-being depend on this.
Basic human body types: features of definition and classification
There are 2 common classifications according to which all people are divided into three types:
The first method of division according to the structural features of the body was developed by William Sheldon, who introduced the world to the following concepts: ectomorphs, mesomorphs and endomorphs.
The second classification was proposed by Mikhail Vasilyevich Chernorutsky. It is based on the ratio of height, weight and chest circumference and contains 3 somatotypes: asthenics, hypersthenics and normosthenics.
These concepts are similar to each other and almost identical. The first option is more often used to determine the constitution of men. Let's look at each type in more detail.
How to determine body type in men and women using the Sheldon system
A Harvard professor came to the conclusion that all people can be divided into 3 groups depending on the structure of their body. The result of his research was the creation of a classification in which there are 3 types:
An ectomorph is a thin person with narrow shoulders and a poorly developed chest. His arms and legs are long and thin, and his joints are small. A fast metabolism prevents excess calories from turning into fat - as a rule, such a person has practically no deposits on the hips, abdomen, chest and legs. Such a somatotype certainly does not face the problem of excess weight. However, such a constitution also poses its own dangers - the risk of exhaustion is high, and it is very difficult for ectomorphs to gain muscle mass. These people are advised to eat more often and even have snacks before bed to prevent the breakdown of muscle protein during the night.
Mesomorph is an intermediate somatotype, characterized by large bones and an athletic body structure. Gaining weight, as well as losing it, is as easy as shelling pears for people with such a constitution. However, their likelihood of obesity is many times higher than that of ectomorphs, which makes them so vulnerable. For mesomorphs, there is only one piece of advice: get rid of high-calorie foods and watch your diet and lifestyle. Then the extra pounds will not burden your figure with an “overwhelming load.”
An endomorph has a massive body, prone to the accumulation of fat deposits, which gain on their own, especially if you eat everything fatty, fried and high-calorie. People of this somatotype should be on their guard - their metabolism is very slow, and the risk of obesity is prohibitively high. In addition, it is extremely difficult for them to get rid of the weight they have gained - we are talking about a radical change in lifestyle and the formation of a healthy diet.
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Main female body types according to Chernorutsky
According to the second classification, all people are divided into:
Asthenics - long fingers, thin bones and a narrow, often sunken chest. This somatotype can be seen on the catwalk during fashion shows. Such “skinny” women don’t have problems with being slim, but the situation with gaining the missing muscle mass to acquire feminine curves is more difficult. Gaining weight for an asthenic person is a difficult and almost impossible task, which can be solved by revising the diet and radically changing the usual lifestyle.
Hypersthenics are the complete opposite of the type discussed above - stocky people with short arms and legs and a “dense” body. Men and women with this constitution have a high risk of gaining extra pounds and becoming obese.
Normosthenics - representatives of this somatotype are the most athletic, and their weight indicators are close to normal. Distinctive characteristics are average height and harmonious proportions. However, with the wrong diet, a normosthenic person can gain extra pounds - you just have to allow yourself food rich in calories and relax - for example, spending your holidays exclusively on the sofa in front of the TV.
How different body types affect our health
The peculiarities of our constitution determine our susceptibility to various diseases, so it is especially important to monitor our health, eliminating risk factors. At the same time, we must not forget that most of these options are just predictions that will not come true if you listen carefully to yourself and take as a rule the principle of all doctors - “do no harm.”
The health problems most common among asthenics are poor digestion, gastritis and colitis, hypotension and diseases of the respiratory system.
Hypersthenics often suffer from diabetes, atherosclerosis and metabolic disorders. The main enemy for them is obesity.
Normosthenics should pay special attention to the functioning of the digestive organs. Possible risks include gastritis with high acidity and other functional gastrointestinal disorders.
Body types in women: features of weight gain and loss
As a rule, asthenics and hypersthenics have the hardest time. The former cannot accumulate muscle mass, the latter cannot lose the gained kilograms. The latter are increasingly gaining weight due to poor nutrition and the predominance in the diet of flour, sweets, fatty foods and foods containing simple carbohydrates in abundance.
Here are some tips for representatives of each somatotype:
An incorrect diet is the main enemy of asthenics. By eating only sweets and high-calorie foods, you risk developing serious health problems rather than gaining the desired muscle mass. It is better to eat often and in small portions, do not forget that movement is life and choose only natural products.
Hypersthenics should control the calorie content of each dish - a balanced diet would be ideal, where preference is given to vegetables, fruits and low-fat sources of protein - chicken, rabbit, seafood, fish, etc.
Normosthenics should also control their weight and adhere to a healthy diet. It is forbidden to overeat, indulge in unhealthy fast food and other high-calorie foods and forget about moderate physical activity - you can choose stretching or yoga.
How to determine body type in women
The first method is extremely simple: we monitor ourselves and note the coincidences:
If you love everything sweet and high-calorie, but don’t gain even an gram, you are an asthenic.
Hypersthenics easily accumulate excess weight, even seriously limiting themselves in food. At the same time, it is worth remembering that refusing foods that are healthy and necessary for our body does not lead to the loss of extra pounds, but to a serious deterioration in health and even greater “storage” of fat deposits.
If you lose excess weight as easily as you gain it, you are normosthenic.
We must not forget that over the years, metabolism slows down, and people tend to accumulate kilograms. However, lifestyle is one of the main factors influencing our figure and depriving us of the desired slimness.
Determining your body type will not take you much time. Here is one of the most common methods: you need to close your fingers around your own wrist or measure its circumference. Based on the results obtained, you can judge which somatotype you belong to:
The middle finger covers the thumb (girth less than 15 cm) - asthenic
Lightly touches it (from 15 to 17 cm) – normosthenic body type in women
Fingers do not meet (more than 17 cm) – hypersthenic.
Another way to determine your body type and find out the whole truth about a weight loss program is one of the most effective. Just look in the mirror - it will never lie.
If you have wide bones and the transverse dimensions of your body are particularly impressive, you are most likely a hypersthenic. Distinctive features: wide hips, short legs, heavy bones. The tendency to be overweight is a given that representatives of this type will have to come to terms with. So pay close attention to your figure and don’t forget that movement is life.
Are your long legs an object of envy and admiration, and are your height up to model standards? Are you normosthenic or asthenic?
The concept of body type and the characteristics of its main types is the key to the capabilities of our body. This is also a kind of “map” of its characteristics, including possible diseases to which we are predisposed. So you should not neglect the advice of those who recommend finding yourself among normosthenics, asthenics and hypersthenics - this will help you and the specialist decide on the strategy that should be chosen to get rid of excess weight.
However, the classifications we present may not be enough. It is worth considering in detail 6 more types, which are distinguished based on body shape. And it could be:
A-shaped - people in this category have narrow shoulders and a slightly wider pelvis (without a feeling of disproportion or sharp contrast). The top may appear thin, while the bottom is a little heavy - the legs and buttocks indicate a tendency to be overweight. If representatives of this type do not take care of themselves, an unpleasant surprise awaits them in the form of excess weight.
H-shaped – wide or medium bones, small chest. It seems that the pelvis, shoulders and waist are similar in width. Most often, fat is deposited in the abdominal area.
I-shaped are frankly lean people who desperately lack muscle mass. The peculiarities of their physique are poorly developed muscles, lack of fat deposits and low weight, as well as a fast metabolism - they can eat a lot and not gain weight.
O-shaped - here we see the completely opposite picture - the bone is wide, like everything else - the pelvis, shoulders, waist. Hips, chest, stomach - everything indicates a tendency towards obesity. Metabolism is extremely slow - these people suffer from gaining weight even during severe restrictions. So the advice to “eat less” is not an option that can help them.
T-shaped - these people have oblique fathoms in the shoulders - they are much wider than the pelvis. And their fat is deposited mainly on the back, sides - in a word, on the torso, and not on the arms or legs. Metabolic processes occur in the body at an average speed - representatives of this type begin to gain weight only if they heavily consume flour, fatty and sweet foods.
X-shaped are people whose shoulder and hip widths are approximately the same. But their waist is easily determined - it is quite narrow. First of all, fat is deposited on the chest, buttocks, and sides.
There is also a classification according to which body types are determined by analogy with the forms we know:
An apple - slender legs, protruding breasts and a problem stomach - it is this that becomes the indicator notifying you of weight gain.
Hourglass - pronounced waist, hips and shoulders are equal in width.
Triangle is a boyish figure with thin legs and a more massive body.
Pear - in representatives of this type, fat deposits are concentrated in the lower part of the body - on the hips and buttocks.
Rectangle - at first glance at the figure, it seems that there is no waist - it is poorly defined. Another problem is a protruding belly with almost the same width of the shoulders and pelvis.
How to understand what body type you have and determine it not by eye, but accurately? It is enough to soberly evaluate your reflection in the mirror and use the advice given above.
The specialists of our clinic know how important it is to feel comfortable in your body, to be healthy and cheerful, without denying yourself the joys of life. With us you will find out your body type, learn to control yourself and learn about the diet that will be ideal for you. Start a healthy life without failures and restrictions - strive for grace and beauty with us!
Based on bone structure, weight gain patterns, and problem areas, there are traditionally three body types. To determine which of them your figure belongs to, just look carefully in the mirror and take basic measurements. It cannot be said that any of these types is more beautiful. You can like all of them equally; it is important to choose the right image and clothes, taking into account the characteristics of the category. With a mixed type, you should focus on the prevailing indicators.
Asthenic physique
Asthenic women (ectomorphs) are distinguished by their overall thinness and elongated lines. Their main features:
- long and thin neck;
- narrow shoulders and chest;
- elongated oval face, clear cheekbones, thin nose;
- undeveloped muscles;
- high growth.
Long-legged girls with an asthenic (ectomorphic) physique often lack strength. Endurance is not a strong trait of the asthenic type. At the same time, they are characterized by lightness and grace. Slim girls gain excess weight very slowly, maintaining a slim figure even with an incorrect and unbalanced diet, and quickly get into shape.
Elongated and thin limbs are one of the signs of an asthenic physique.
Bone diseases and spinal problems are common among asthenics. They often experience low blood pressure and reduced hemoglobin levels. In addition, there is a high probability of colds, stomach problems and vegetative-vascular dystonia. Asthenics prefer warmth, avoiding too cold weather.
The diet of androgenic asthenics should be dominated by carbohydrates - 50-60%. Proteins and fats should be supplied in equal quantities - 20-30%. When choosing a sport, give preference to physical activity that will develop the missing characteristics: strength and endurance. For example, swimming and aerobics are good options.
Normosthenic physique
Normosthenic girls (mesomorphs) have a proportional figure. Their main parameters:
- average height;
- thin waist;
- long and slender legs.
Normosthenic (mesomorphic) type is considered the most harmonious. Its owners are not prone to any special diseases; they are distinguished by good health and endurance. It is believed that these athletic girls were lucky to be born with innate coordination, speed and agility. The best sports are volleyball, basketball, and tennis. As women of this sporty and athletic type age, they should pay more attention to proper nutrition and healthy physical activity, eat more apples, pears and other fruits to easily lose weight if necessary.
It is useful to walk a lot, breathe fresh air, and take vitamins. Otherwise, there is a risk of gaining excess weight and developing unpleasant diseases.
The diet of normosthenics should include less fat than the menu of asthenics. Their percentage should be 10-20%. The share of proteins is 30-40%, carbohydrates - 40-50%.
The wrists of normosthenics have a circumference of up to 18.5 cm.
Hypersthenic physique
The endomorphic physique is characterized by some heaviness and squatness, a dense, full figure, and rapid weight gain. The main features of this body type:
- large bones;
- below average height;
- wide and short chest;
- shortened limbs;
- broad shoulders.
Hypersthenics (endomorphs) complain of a slow metabolism, as a result of which a tendency to become overweight develops. They find it difficult to lose unwanted pounds. You can only lose weight on a strict diet and in compliance with a sports regime. All diseases that primarily threaten women of this type are associated with excess weight. These are cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, skin cancer.
It is primarily important for hypersthenics to develop correct eating habits and try to lead an active lifestyle.
The advantage of hypersthenics is their strength and endurance. In this case, it is necessary to develop flexibility and dexterity. Yoga, callanetics, karate and other martial arts will contribute to this.
Hypersthenic men are also prone to obesity.
The amount of fat in the diet should be kept to a minimum - no more than 10%. The main share of nutrients should come from proteins - 40-50%. Carbohydrates should be 30-40%.
How to determine your body type
There are several methods for determining body type, and not all of them require a calculator. The simplest one is to measure the circumference of your wrist. For asthenics, this figure is less than 16 cm. The wrist circumference for normosthenics is 16-18.5 cm. A broad-boned physique implies a wrist length of more than 18.5 cm.
However, this calculation provides only an approximate result. A more accurate measurement involves comparing the norm of height and length.
The height of normosthenics and hypersthenics most often does not exceed 170 cm. Asthenics can boast of being taller. The proportions between height and leg length are also important.
To correctly calculate the length of your legs, take a centimeter and check the distance from the tubercle of the femur to the floor. In the asthenic type, the legs are 2-4 cm longer than half the height. In the normosthenic type - by 4-6 cm. In the hypersthenic type - by 6-9 cm.
Even more accurate indicators can be found using the Pinier index. It is calculated using the following formula: standing height (cm) - (body weight (kg) + chest circumference (cm)). If this indicator is less than 10, the physique is strong (hypersthenic). With data from 10 to 25 it is normal (normosthenic). With an indicator from 26 to 35 - weak (asthenic), more than 35 - very weak.
Calculation of weight norms
A healthy weight range varies for each type. However, excess weight is not always an indicator of excess fat in the body. Adipose tissue is a necessary part of any body; without it, health and proper metabolism are impossible. The standard body fat ratio for men is 1/20, and for women it is 1/16. Most of it is located under the skin, protecting organs from hypothermia, overheating or injury. In addition, fat provides energy reserves necessary for emergency situations. Therefore, you should not thoughtlessly drive it away, without taking into account your indications, doctor’s prescriptions and body type.
There are different weight norms in grams per centimeter of height for asthenics, normosthenics and hypersthenics. For men, these parameters are different.
- For thin-boned girls, this figure is from 315 to 355 g, depending on age.
- For women of normosthenic build - from 325 to 380 g;
- For hypersthenics - from 355 to 400 g.
Calculating your weight per centimeter of height is simple: just divide your body weight in grams by your height in centimeters. Having correctly determined your body type, it is easy to calculate your ideal weight: just multiply the coefficient by your height.
The human body has its own unique characteristics - weight, shape, proportions. It is customary to distinguish the main body types. Although every person has it at the genetic level, it can be corrected in childhood. The structure of the body and its features should be taken into account when selecting diets and training.
Body types
Types of figures are divided into several systems. One of the famous German doctors managed to find a relationship between psychological characteristics and somatotype characteristics. Kretschmer names three body types:
- asthenic;
- normosthenic;
- hypersthenic.
Owners of one or another configuration are not always satisfied with their figure. If you wish and follow simple recommendations, it is possible to change your own appearance, making the male and female physique slimmer and more perfect. In some cases, you need to change your eating habits, and sometimes you need to switch to a healthy lifestyle. The sooner you start working on yourself, the faster you will be pleased with the results.
Asthenic physique
Representatives of this body type are distinguished by:
- thinness;
- long thin neck;
- flat chest;
- narrow shoulders;
- elongated thin limbs;
- long face;
- thin nose;
- height above average.
Those with a slender physique have poorly developed muscles, which is why they are not very resilient and strong. The advantage of such people is their energy, lightness, and grace. Women with such a figure are often the center of attention of the opposite sex because they look fragile and feminine. In addition, asthenics never suffer from excess weight in their lives, since they are not prone to obesity. The metabolism of such people is very fast, which prevents the deposition of fatty tissue.
Normosthenic physique
Normosthenics are characterized by:
- proportional figure;
- slender legs;
- thin waist.
Often, representatives of the fair sex with this body constitution are of average height. Such ladies have good coordination, are fast and sharp. Men with an athletic build have well-developed muscles, a strong and well-formed skeleton, a convex chest, and proportional legs. In sports, it is better for normosthenics to give preference to basketball, volleyball, tennis and water aerobics. Owners of this configuration enjoy the attention of representatives of the opposite sex.
Hypersthenic physique
Representatives of this constitution have:
- wide, heavy bones;
- large shoulders;
- broad chest;
- Limbs are slightly shortened.
The height of such people is below average. Nature endowed them with strength and endurance, but relieved them of flexibility and grace. For this reason, owners of such a figure should choose sports disciplines that will help them eliminate their shortcomings. Among such sports are yoga, martial arts, callanetics. People with a dense physique have a very slow metabolism, so they often have problems with. They will be able to cope with their imperfections by giving preference to a healthy lifestyle.
Body types according to Sheldon
The famous American psychologist and numismatist Herbert Sheldon suggests that a person’s physique can determine his temperament. However, this dependence is hidden, and the relationship between the physical and mental can be revealed by highlighting certain properties. Using the photographic technique he developed and anthropometric calculations, the psychologist was able to describe the main human body types:
- endomorphy;
- mesomorphy;
- ectomorphy.
Mesomorphic body type
A mesomorph is distinguished by the following characteristics:
- natural muscles;
- no fat;
- massive body;
- thick bones;
- voluminous muscles.
Such people have the best chance of becoming successful in bodybuilding than anyone else. A person with a normal physique has excellent potential for muscle growth and strength. Representatives of this species are usually classified into ectomorphs and endomorphs. For this reason, not each of them can build equally sculpted, beautiful muscles.
Endomorphic body type
Endomorphs are distinguished from all others by:
- round, soft body;
- high percentage of adipose tissue;
- small shoulders;
- short limbs;
- pear-shaped body type.
People with a strong physique have a slow metabolism. They tend to be overweight and therefore gain weight very easily, and in order to lose kilos they have to work hard on themselves. Among the owners of this constitution are many pop stars and actresses. However, even their rounded shapes do not spoil them, but emphasize the advantages of an attractive and extraordinary appearance. Physical activity and exercise will help them become slimmer and more perfect.
Ectomorphic body type
Ectomorphs have the following differences:
- thinness;
- long, thin bones;
- skinny muscles;
- little fat.
People with these body types are rarely seen in the gym, since they are less predisposed to bodybuilding than everyone else. If you ever manage to notice a person with a thin physique in the gym, then this will be a rare exception. Among them, most of all are people who have certain physical characteristics that allow them to pump up their body, making it stronger and more attractive.
How to determine your body type
Finding out which of the above body types your body constitution belongs to is not so difficult. Body type is determined by wrist circumference. For a man of average height, the following scale is taken into account: when the indicator is in the range of 15-17.5 cm, this will be a sign of a fragile bone foundation, 17.5-20 cm - average, and above 20 cm - powerful. The wrist circumference is proportional to the ankle circumference, which is five or six centimeters larger.
However, there are people whose lower half of the body is more massive than the upper. In this case, the circumference of the wrist will be 16.5 cm, and the ankle – 25 cm. And it also happens that the ankles are no different from the wrists. Whatever the results of the calculations, there is no need to be upset, since they do not mean that a person will not be able to achieve certain heights in sports. The only thing is that you will have to work on yourself a little more. You need to believe in yourself and that you can change, no matter what level you start from.