Penalty for offside position. Rules of the game of football Rules of the game with if then
Field of play
Dimensions
The playing field has the shape of a rectangle. The touchline must be longer than the goal line.
Length: minimum 90 m - maximum 120 m, width: minimum 45 m - maximum 90 m.
In international matches, the field dimensions are different: length minimum 100 m - maximum 110 m, width minimum 64 m - maximum 75 m.
Marking
The field of play is marked using lines. These lines are included in the area they limit. The two long lines that border the field of play are called side lines, and the two short lines are called goal lines. The width of any of the lines does not exceed 12 cm.
The playing field is divided into two halves using the center line.
A mark for the center of the field is made in the middle of the center line. A circle with a radius of 9.15 m is drawn around it.
Gate area
The goal area is designated at the end of each half of the field as follows:
From points 5.5 m from the inside of each goal post, at right angles to the goal line, two lines are drawn deep into the field. At a distance of 5.5 m, these lines are connected by another line parallel to the goal line. The area bounded by these lines and the goal line is called the goal area.
Penalty area
The penalty area is designated at the end of each half of the field as follows. From points 16.5 m from the inside of each goal post, at right angles to the goal line, two lines are drawn deep into the field. At a distance of 16.5 m these lines are connected by another line parallel to the goal line. The area bounded by these lines and the goal line is called the penalty area.
Inside each penalty area, a penalty mark is made - 11 m from the point located between the goal posts and at an equal distance from them. Outside the penalty area, an arc of a circle with a radius of 9.15 m is drawn, the center of which is the 11-meter mark.
Flags
In each corner of the field, flags are installed, which are mounted on flagpoles that do not have a pointed top tip, with a height of at least 1.5 m. Flagpoles can also be installed at both ends of the center line, at a distance of at least 1 m outside the side line.
Corner sector
A quarter circle with a radius of 1 m is drawn from each corner flag into the playing field.
Gates
The goal must be placed in the center of each goal line. They consist of two vertical posts located at equal distances from the corner flags and connected at the top by a horizontal crossbar.
The distance between the posts is 7.32 m, and the distance from the bottom contour of the crossbar to the ground is 2.44 m.
Goal posts and crossbars must be white. The gate must be securely fastened to the ground. The use of portable gates is only permissible if they comply with this requirement.
Ball
Quality and parameters
It has a spherical shape and a circumference of no more than 70 cm and no less than 68 cm. At the start of the match, it weighs no more than 450 g and no less than 410 g.
Has a pressure of 0.6 -1.1 atmospheres (600 - 1100 gsm) at sea level (8.5 psi to 15.6 psi)
Replacing a damaged ball
If the ball bursts or is damaged during play:
- the game stops
- the game is resumed with a spare ball and a dropped ball at the place where the ball became unusable.
The ball may be changed during the game only on the instructions of the referee.
Players
The match is played with the participation of two teams, with the number of players in each team being no more than eleven, including the goalkeeper. A match cannot begin if either team has fewer than seven players.
In any match of an official competition organized under the auspices of FIFA, confederations or national federations, a maximum of three player substitutions are permitted.
The competition regulations must stipulate the number of declared substitutes - from three to seven, but no more.
Equipment
A player must not use such equipment or wear anything that poses a danger to himself or another player (including jewelry of any kind).
Mandatory elements of a player's equipment are:
- shirt or t-shirt
- Briefs - if panties are used, they must be the same basic color as the briefs
- gaiters
- shields (completely covered with gaiters, provide a sufficient degree of protection)
- shoes
Judge and assistants
Each match is supervised by a referee who has full authority to enforce the rules of the game in the match for which he is appointed. The referee's decisions on facts related to the game are final. The referee can only change a decision if he realizes it was wrong or (at his discretion) on the advice of the assistant referee, provided that he has not yet restarted play. Two assistant referees are appointed, whose duties (depending on the decision of the referee) include signaling:
- when the ball is completely out of bounds
- which team is entitled to a corner kick, goal kick or throw-off
- when a player can be penalized for being in an offside position
- when a request is made to replace a player
- about cases of unruly behavior or any other incidents occurring outside the attention of the judge
- in cases where a violation is committed when the assistants are closer to the scene of action than the referee (this includes, in particular, violations committed in the penalty area)
- in cases where, during a penalty kick, the goalkeeper moved forward from his position before the ball was kicked, and the ball crossed the line.
Game time
The duration of the game is two equal halves of 45 minutes (unless the referee and the two teams participating in the match agree otherwise). Any agreement to change the length of playing time (for example, to shorten each half to 40 minutes due to insufficient lighting) must be made before the start of the game and must comply with the rules of the competition.
Halftime
Players have the right to a break between two halves. The break between halves should not exceed 15 minutes.
The competition regulations must indicate the duration of the break between halves.
Added time
To the duration of any of both halves is added all the time spent on:
- replacement(s)
- assessing the severity of player injuries
- transporting injured players from the field for treatment
- deliberate delay in playing time
- any other reasons
11 meter kick
Extra time is allocated for a penalty kick awarded at the end of any half of normal or extra time.
Unfinished match
An unfinished match is replayed unless the competition rules contain a different provision.
Starting and resuming the game
Before the start of the match, a draw is held, and one of the teams gets the right to choose the goal that it will attack in the first half of the match. The opposing team kicks off the match.
The team that chose the goal by lot takes the kickoff in the second half of the match.
In the second half of the match, the teams change goals.
Jump ball
A "held ball" is a method of restarting play after a temporary stoppage made necessary while the ball was in play for any reason not provided for in the Laws of the Game.
The jump ball is repeated:
- if the player touches the ball before the ball touches the ground
- if the ball goes out of bounds after touching the ground, but no player touches it.
The ball is considered out of play if:
- he has completely crossed the goal line or touchline - on the ground or in the air
- the game was stopped by the referee.
The ball is in play for the rest of the time, including when:
- it bounces off the goalpost, crossbar, or corner flag and remains in the field of play
- it bounces off the referee or assistant referee who is within the field of play.
The ball is considered to be kicked into the goal if it completely crosses the goal line between the posts and under the crossbar, provided that the team scoring the goal has not previously violated the Laws of the Game.
Winning team
The team that scores the most goals during the match is considered the winner. If both teams score an equal number of goals or no goals are scored, the match ends in a draw.
Offside"
A player's offside position is not in itself a violation of the rules. A player is in an offside position if:
- he is closer to the opponent’s goal line than the ball and the penultimate opponent player.
A player is not in an offside position if:
- he is in his own half of the field
- he is on the same line as the opponent in the penultimate position or
- he is on the same line as the last two players on the opposing team.
A player who is in an offside position is only penalized if, at the moment the ball is touched or struck by one of his team-mates, he is, in the opinion of the referee, actively participating in the game, and exactly:
- interferes with the game or
- interferes with the opponent's play or
- gains an advantage due to his position.
There is no offside offense if a player receives the ball immediately after:
- goal kick
- throw-in
- corner kick.
Violation of rules and undisciplined behavior of players
Free kick
A penalty kick is awarded to the opposing team if a player commits any of the following six offenses and is judged by the referee to be careless, reckless or overly physically aggressive:
- kick or attempt to kick an opponent
- tripping or attempting to trip an opponent
- jump on an opponent
- opponent's attack
- punch or attempt to punch an opponent
- pushing the opponent
- when tackling the ball from an opponent, comes into contact with him before touching the ball
- will delay the opponent
- spits at an opponent
- deliberately plays the ball with his hand (except for the goalkeeper in his own penalty area).
11 meter kick
A penalty kick is awarded for any of the above ten offenses if committed by a player within his own penalty area, regardless of the location of the ball, provided that the ball is in play.
Free kick
A free kick is awarded to the opposing team if the goalkeeper commits any of the following five offenses while inside his penalty area:
- will control the ball with his hands for more than six seconds before releasing it from his hands
- touches the ball again with his hands after releasing it, but the ball does not touch any other player
- touches the ball with his hands after a teammate deliberately passes him
- touches the ball with his hands when receiving it immediately after a drop by his teammate.
- will play dangerously
- blocks the opponent's advance
- will prevent the goalkeeper from releasing the ball from his hands
Disciplinary sanctions
A player is cautioned and shown a yellow card if any of the following seven offenses are committed:
- Unsportsmanlike conduct
- Demonstration of disagreement (by word or gesture) with the judge’s decision
- Systematic violation of the Rules of the Game
- Delaying the restart of the game
- Failure to maintain the required distance when play is restarted with a corner kick, free kick or free kick
- Entering or returning to the field without the permission of the referee
- Unauthorized leaving the field without the permission of the referee.
- Serious violation of the rules of the game
- Aggressive behavior
- Spitting at an opponent or any other person
- Deliberate handball that prevents an opponent from scoring a goal or deprives him of a clear goal-scoring opportunity (this does not apply to the goalkeeper within his penalty area)
- Depriving an opponent advancing towards the goal of a clear opportunity to score a goal by an offense punishable by an indirect free kick or penalty kick
- Offensive, offensive or obscene language and/or gestures
- Second warning during the same match.
A red or yellow card may only be shown to a player, substitute or substituted player.
Free kick and free kick
Types of blows
For both a free kick and a free kick, the ball must lie motionless at the moment the kick is taken, and the player taking the kick must not touch the ball a second time before the ball has touched another player.
Free kick
- if the ball from a free kick goes directly into the opposing team's goal, the goal is counted
- If a free kick hits the ball directly into its own goal, the opposing team is entitled to a corner kick.
The ball can only be counted if, after the kick and before entering the goal, the ball touches another player.
11 meter kick
A penalty kick is awarded to a team whose players commit one of the ten offenses punishable by a free kick within their own penalty area while the ball is in play. A goal scored from a penalty kick is counted.
At the end of each half of normal or extra time, the time required to take a penalty kick is added.
The ball is placed on the 11-meter mark.
The defending goalkeeper remains on his goal line, facing the kicker, between the goal posts, until the ball is kicked.
The players, in addition to the kicker, are:
- within the field
- outside the penalty area
- behind the 11-meter mark
- at a distance of at least 9.15 m from the 11-meter mark.
Throwing the ball in is the way to restart the game. A goal scored immediately after a throw-in does not count.
The throw-in is awarded:
- when the ball completely crosses the touchline - on the ground or in the air
- from the point where the ball crossed the touchline
- in favor of the opposing team of the player who last touched the ball.
At the moment the ball is thrown in, the player:
- faces the field
- part of his feet is either on the sideline or on the ground outside the sideline
- throws with both hands
- throws the ball with an overhead motion.
The ball is in play immediately after it enters the field of play.
Goal kick
A goal kick is the way to restart the game. A goal scored directly from a goal kick counts, but only if it is scored against the opposing team.
A goal kick is awarded when:
- the ball has completely crossed the goal line on the ground or in the air, last touching a player of the attacking team
Goal kick order:
- the kick is taken by a player of the defending team from any point within the goal area
- the opponents remain outside the penalty area until the ball is in play
- the kicker cannot play the ball again before the ball has touched another player
- the ball is in play when it is kicked directly outside the penalty area.
A corner kick is a way to restart play. A goal scored directly from a corner kick is counted, but only if it is scored against the opposing team.
A corner kick is awarded when:
- the ball has completely crossed the goal line on the ground or in the air, last touching a player of the defending team, but if a goal is not scored.
Corner kick procedure:
- the ball is placed inside the sector at the nearest corner flag
- the corner flag remains stationary
- opponents are at least 9.15 m from the ball until it is in play
- the ball is kicked by a player from the attacking team.
- the ball is in play when it is kicked and in motion
- the kicker cannot play the ball again before the ball has touched another player.
The following rules, approved by the IFAB International Council (2001 edition), are published in abbreviation
Or more, he is the winner of the game and takes the declared “bank” - the points at stake in the game. The player who is in second place at this moment does not receive anything, but also does not lose anything. The player who takes third place loses the number of points of the declared “bank”.
A special feature of the game is the use of so-called “margins”.
The number of cards participating in the game is 24, 24 cards are divided into 4 suits, the seniority of cards in each suit in ascending order is: nine, jack, queen, king, ten, ace.
When counting points in tricks, the following denominations are used:
The sum of the points of all cards in the game is 120 points. The sum of points for cards of the same suit is 30 points.
Denominations of trump margins (queen and king):
Marriage suit |
Cost of margin |
---|---|
Hearts |
|
Bubnovy |
|
Clubs |
|
Bribe
A bribe means taking a group of opponents' cards for yourself by beating their cards with your own, stronger card. The cost of the cards in each trick is summed up, bringing the player points, which are recorded at the end of each hand. Each round, the player who wins the auction goes first (see below), then the turn can go to another player if he beats the opponents’ cards and takes a bribe. Each turn, players lay out one card, the first to lay out a card is the player who received the right to move (at the beginning of the game, this is the winner of the auction, then any player who took a bribe). On the laid out card, players take turns placing their card clockwise. You can only put a card of the same suit on a laid out card; if the player does not have cards of such a suit, he must put a trump card; if a trump card is not announced in the stake and the player does not have cards of this suit (or does not have a trump card), then he has the right to put any card on at your own discretion. The following bribery rules apply:
- The trick is taken by the player whose card is higher in the suit declared as the first card (see card seniority above), if it was not interrupted by a trump card;
- If a card of a different suit (not a trump card) is placed on the first card, then it is considered discarded and cannot claim to beat the trick;
- If more than one trump card is placed on the first card, the player who placed the highest trump card takes the bribe.
Trump
At the beginning of each round of the game there are no trump cards and all suits play on equal terms. A player who has a "marriage" in his hands (see above) has the right, if possible, to declare a trump card ("grab a trump card"). From this moment on, the suit of the declared margin is considered the trump card of the horse, until the game ends or one of the players “grabs” another trump margin, in which case the trump card changes and the previous trump card is no longer valid.
Trump Marriage
A trump card is considered to be a king and a queen of the same suit in the hands of one player. Marriage can be obtained either immediately after the distribution, or by picking up a purchase after winning the auction. Half of the margin (king or queen) can also be obtained when cards are demolished by the player who wins the auction. The entire game is built on the use of trump margins and each player strives to obtain them, since the announcement of a trump margin (“grabbing a trump card”) brings the player points equal to the value of the margin. In addition, the announcement of a margin assigns a trump card in the current pot and all cards of the same suit as the announced margin become trump cards, i.e. beat any other suit. Points for announced margins are added to the amount of points scored through bribes. Points for announcing several margins during one con are summed up.
If one of the players declared a trump margin, the other player can, if possible, take the margin queen with an ace or ten of the same suit and gain the right to “over-praise”, i.e. declare your own margin, if any.
When “over-praising” (announcing another trump card during one game), the previous trump card turns into a regular suit and the trump card of the last card comes into force.
Ace Marriage
If a player has 4 aces, then if he takes a trick and then enters with an ace, 200 points are added to him.
Bolt
If during the game the player did not take a single trick, he is given a “bolt” (visually displayed in the game results as a dash). For three bolts during the game, 120 points are deducted from the player, the bolts are canceled, and if three bolts are received again, the procedure is repeated.
Trade
After the cards are dealt, players look at their cards and determine how many points they can score. After this they declare their bets.
Declaring a bet means announcing the number of points that the player agrees to take in the current bet.
Trading begins immediately after the hand. The player who has the right to make the first bid must place a bet of at least 100 points.
Bidding takes place in increments of 5 points, i.e. Each player can raise the bet either by 5 points or by any number divisible by five. The winner of the auction gets the right to make the first move and is obliged to take at least the declared number of points during the betting - in this case, the declared number of points will be added to his account, otherwise the declared amount will be debited from his account.
The buy-in is not opened if there was no bidding for it, that is, the buy-in was taken by the one who declared the obligatory bet of 100 points and other players refused to bid.
The player who wins the auction gets the right to make the first move and orders the game, that is, orders the number of points that he undertakes to take.
Trading restrictions
During bidding, there are rules that limit the number of points a player can bid:
- A player cannot bet more than 120 points without having margin in hand
- A player cannot bet more than 160 points if he only has peak margin.
- A player cannot bet more than 180 points if he only has club margin in his hands
- A player cannot bet more than 200 points if he only has diamond margin in his hands
- A player cannot bet more than 220 points if he only has a margin of hearts.
If there are two or more margins, the limitation increases according to the sum of the margin denominations.
Progress of the game
The winning player goes first. The remaining players each place one card of the appropriate suit (if there is none, then a trump card; if there is no trump card, then any one at their discretion). The player whose card turns out to be the highest takes the cards for himself and gets the right to make the first move. The player who has the right to move can declare ("grab") the margin.
At the end of the con, the points taken are counted - bribes plus the cost of the announced margins. If the winning player scores the stated amount of points, it is credited to his account; if not, it is debited from his account. All other players are awarded the points they accumulate.
Scoring
At the end of the game, players count their points according to the value of the cards. The amount of points scored is rounded down by a multiple of five for two points and up for three points.
For example: 17 points = 15; 18 points = 20.
This rule does not apply to the winner of the auction - if at least one point is not enough to the amount declared by him, the amount of points he scored is not taken into account.
The value of the announced margins is added to the amount of points obtained through bribes.
Rules of the game,
if someone is “sitting on a barrel”
If a player scores 880 points in total, he “sits on the barrel.”
To win the game, the person sitting on the barrel must reach the 1000 point level (that is, score a total of 120 points). Thus, to win, it is not necessary to have margin in your hands if you have a “non-cue ball” in your hands, which allows you to take all the tricks (sum 120).
The person sitting on the barrel has three attempts to score the winning amount of points. If, after three hands, a player does not win, he “flies off the barrel,” i.e. his score is reduced by 120 points and to win he needs to “get on the barrel” again (score 880 points).
Only one player can sit on the barrel at a time. If another player sits on a barrel, the first player flies off it (fine 120). If two players sit on it together, then one of them flies off.
Purchase on a hundred
If the player “sitting on a hundred” wins the trade (that is, the other players immediately said “pass”), then the buy-in is not shown.
Game painting
If a player sees that he obviously cannot reach the bet ordered during trading, he can schedule the game. At the same time, he takes away the order amount from himself and writes to his opponents for half of the order amount.
Zeroing at ±555 points (“dump truck”)
When any player reaches 555 or -555 points after the next distribution, the points of this player become equal to 0.
Retake
At the start of trading, any player can declare a mulligan (an additional “Mulley" button appears on the playing field). In this case, the cards are dealt out again (no one receives fines or bonuses). You can retake if:
- The total number of cards in the player's hands is less than 13 points
- The player has three nines in his hands
- The player has four jacks in his hands
Also, the player who wins the trade can declare a mulligan if in the buy-in:
- Card total is less than 5 points
- Two nines
- Three Jacks
Golden con
You can choose a game option - with or without the Golden Horse rule.
The rule is this: during the first hands (their number = the number of players), each player must play an order of 120 points in turn.
All points, penalties and bolts scored by players are written in double size. If no player scores 120 points on his buy-in, then the points are reset to zero and the normal game begins.
There are also several agreements in the golden horse:
- If no one takes the order, it resets
- Points received for announcing margins are also doubled
Game bonuses
Bonus "Show cards"
Shows a list of cards in opponents' hands
Bonus “Show buy suits”
Bonus “Show purchase”
Show one buy card of your choice
In "101", they learned on the territory of our state at the beginning of the 20th century. This European game has become widespread and popular. Its original name sounds like “Mau-Mau”, but in our country it was initially called exclusively as “Czech fool”.
Today there are many different variations of this game, each of which has its own name. These are "Pharaoh", "Moor", "English Fool" and "Pentagon". The details of these games differ slightly from each other, but not significantly. You should understand in more detail how to play “101” cards and what nuances exist if you are only playing the first game.
Beginning of the game
To play the card game 101, you will need a standard deck of 36 cards. A minimum of 2 people and a maximum of 4 can play. There is no difference in how to play “101” cards - with two or four people. The sequence of actions is identical. The player making the first move is determined by lot, then everyone takes turns. The person who deals the cards starts the game accordingly.
Everyone is dealt 5 cards, only the dealer gets 4 cards, and the last one is turned over and placed on the line. The deck is set aside without turning it over.
Progress of the game
The rules for playing cards in "101" are quite simple. This game is not associated with a high level of complexity, but it develops attentiveness and memory very well. So, the person sitting to the left of the first player must make his move. On the card lying on the stake, you need to put a card with the same value or the same exact suit on top. If the five cards given to him do not contain a suitable one, then he draws one card from the deck. In case of failure, the additional card remains with him, the turn is skipped and transferred to another player. The rules for playing cards “101” have their own characteristics and nuances. This is written below.
So the game process continues until one of the players completely discards his cards, after which all the cards available to the players are opened and counted, the points are recorded, and a new distribution follows. The game lasts until the score reaches 101 points. If a player scores exactly 101 points, then his score is reset to zero, but the one who “got too many” automatically becomes a loser.
Peculiarities
Before playing “101” cards, you should study in detail all the features and nuances of this game. Namely, that cards of a certain suit and value allow you to somewhat diversify the course of the game.
So, for example, an ace placed in the suit or on another ace prohibits the next player from moving. This is very beneficial when two people play, that is, the right of the next move remains with the one who walked and allows him to discard another card.
Queens are advantageous cards in a hand, so they can be placed on a card with any value and in all suits, while the person who placed the queen still has the right to order a suit that is beneficial to him. If the last card in the hand is a queen, then 20 points are deducted from the player who placed it. And if this lady is also of spades suit, then 40.
The King of Spades also has a special meaning. If it is put on the line, then the next player must take 4 cards from the deck and skip his turn.
If the player puts a nine on the line, then he must move again, covering the card with either another nine or the same suit. Moreover, if there is no such card in his hands, he must draw cards from the deck until he covers his nine.
A seven on the line will also cause the next player to skip his turn and receive two cards from the deck for the load.
With six, the situation is the same, only only one new card is taken from the deck.
Having learned and remembered well the rules of how to play cards in "101", you can predict the course of the game and always remain a winner!
Scoring
Every time before a new distribution, the cards are counted, or more precisely, the points that remain in the hands of the players. The value of each card is such that an ace scores the maximum number of points - 11, a ten, according to its number, 10 points. The same thing with eights, sevens and sixes - the number of points directly depends on their number. A king is worth 4 points, a queen is worth 3, and a jack is worth 2 points. The nine is not taken into account in the calculation; its value is zero.
If the last card on the line is a queen, then 20 points are subtracted from the player who discarded it; if it is a queen of spades, then 2 times more are subtracted.
With the modern development of computer technology, it is absolutely not necessary to look for a company in order to pass the time with cards. Now you can easily download the installation file and play “101” cards with your computer, tablet or smartphone. The game can be played both with real people over the network and with virtual players.
Many of us who disagree with the decision of the line referee, who raised this unfortunate flag at the wrong time during the attack of our favorite team, criticize the lineman for all he knows. The waving of the yellow flag is regarded as nothing more than the vanity of a red rag. We scream, we are indignant, not thinking about the fact that maybe he knows a little more than us, and understood the episode correctly.
Today’s article will be an excellent guide for those who do not fully understand all the subtleties and nuances of the tricky Rule No. 11 on the offside position, and for some, the assessment of some fragments will cause surprise or even stupefy, as happened to me when I consulted on some episodes with professional arbitrators.
So, before we begin to analyze the most difficult situations, in the first part we will analyze the basics of the offside position. Agree, you cannot move on to higher mathematics, learn how to correctly calculate derivatives and integrals, without mastering the elementary arithmetic fundamentals. So let's dive into primary school"and learn or remember (whichever is more convenient for you) the basics of Rule 11.
Part 1. Introduction.
Any foul can theoretically be justified by situational necessity, while episodes associated with offside are always someone’s mistake. Defense, attack, and finally the judges. A mistake that often radically changes the course of the game, and sometimes the entire tournament. Let's at least remember "funeral" of the magnificent USSR national team in the 1/8 finals of the 1986 World Cup in a match with the Belgians or Italian goal at the 1990 World Cup, inexplicably canceled by a wave of the line referee.
But is it worth going far? The last World Cup was marked by a number of controversial decisions by the man with the flag. And what beautiful goals were scored because of this: and with a blow while falling through oneself And elegant heel cut.
Any football referee, from those taking their first steps in this field to FIFA referees, was simply unable to avoid being victims of offside traps. Everyone was wrong, more than once. Such is football life. Some oversights are frankly confusing. How could he not see this?!
As a rule, no one knows the names of our today's heroes. But, it is they who sometimes make the key decision in the match. For example, the memorable offside in the Argentina - Mexico match will always be associated with the name of Roberto Rosetti, who ended his playing career after this meeting. And the name of that same linesman, made a paradoxical decision, many never found out. He, by the way, still plies along the sideline in the Italian championship, continuing from time to time.
Or Evrebe, for example, is known by the whole world, and his assistant, who finally buried the career of a Norwegian judge at this moment, No.
Reverse example. The whole world noted the remarkable progress Howard Webb has made, and only a few remember the names of his assistants, without whom the outstanding last season with two finals would not have taken place. But Mike Mullarkey and Darren Cann ran the 2009/2010 European campaign perfectly, capping it with virtually flawless work at the World Championships. It’s not for nothing that these two people are considered “advanced” in their difficult task.
The functions of the assistant to detect “offside” in certain moments are extremely complex. He must simultaneously control the ball, the partner to whom the ball will be sent, and the position of the penultimate defending player of the opposing team, preferably positioned on the same line with him, analyze the current situation in a split second and make a verdict. And all this under the pressure of the stands, which are literally a couple of meters from the assistant, admonishing unkind words, throwing in addition to barbs something heavier, and, sometimes, bullied in a more sophisticated way.
In addition to all this, there are moments in the match in which it is virtually impossible to visually determine with great accuracy without replays whether there was a violation of the rules. Let's not forget that with the increase in the quality of broadcasting matches on television, the work of assistant referees in terms of determining offside has become significantly more complicated.
For example, at the last World Cup in the match Portugal - Spain the only goal was scored from offside. And although, as experts calculated, the offside was only 22 centimeters, this error in its essence was not very different from the mistake of the Italian team. But, on the other hand, how can you blame the referees for this situation.
The offside rule, oddly enough, is one of the most complex and tricky in football of all time, despite the fact that the text of the Rules is simple, stated briefly and clearly. In the Rules of the Game they are placed literally on one page, but much more can be said about it, which we will immediately do.
Part 2 . Definition.
A player is in an offside position if, at the moment his teammate hits the ball, he is closer to the opponent's goal line than the ball and the penultimate defensive player.
For example, in this case, the referee, despite all the protests of the team that scored the goal, acted absolutely correctly by canceling their goal. Now will you understand why?
To find a player in an offside position, the attacking football player must be closer to the opponent’s goal than the ball, namely the conditional line of the ball parallel to the goal line and the penultimate defensive player. Moreover, the penultimate player of the defense may be not only a defender, but also a goalkeeper, or it may turn out that there is no goalkeeper in the goal, or it may also turn out that two defenders will be closer to their goal line (and not necessarily by role, but namely the players of the defending team), and even together on one conditional line parallel to their goal line. So, if an attacking football player crosses this conditional line and finds himself closer to the opponent’s goal, he is in an “offside” position.
And now the most necessary condition, only if fulfilled can a player be punished for being in this position with a free kick. He must be behind this conditional line before his partner makes a pass to him or, more precisely, hits the ball. That is, when determining a player’s offside position, it is necessary to take into account the moment his teammate hits the ball and the position of the attacking football player relative to the ball and the penultimate defensive player at this very moment of hitting the ball.
Therefore, what is important is where the attacker was (again, not necessarily by role, but precisely as the attack progressed) at the moment the ball was hit by his teammate, and not when the ball was received. It may even turn out that a player receives the ball, and there is no defender around him and it seems that he is 5 meters offside, although in fact he was in the correct position at the moment his teammate hit the ball.
It may even happen that the player receives the ball in his own half of the field, and the assistant raises the flag, indicating offside. It would seem, where is the logic from the point of view of fans and players? But in fact, he was simply in an offside position at the moment of the kick, and then came out from behind this conditional line and received the ball.
This video shows how often the impression of whether the attacker was actually in an offside position at the moment of the pass can be misleading. At the moment of receiving the ball, the offside seems obvious, but in fact, at the moment of the pass, he was located on the same line as the penultimate defensive player, i.e., he was in the correct position.
Episodes like this, when the attacking and defending player, like particles in an andron collider, rush towards each other (one opening up to a partner’s pass, the second to create an artificial offside), are some of the most difficult for referees to perceive. “Taking a picture” of the position of the players, precisely at the moment of the pass, especially when the players are not static, especially when there is a long pass and the ball is on the other half of the field from the linesman, is an incredibly difficult task.
Part 3.
When determining an offside position, the words "closer to the opponent's goal line" means that any part of his head, torso or legs is closer to the opponent's goal line than both the ball and the penultimate opponent. Hands do not fall under this definition.
Note that before this clarification, it was generally accepted that if, when determining whether a player was behind the offside line, it was possible to draw a conditional line parallel to the goal line through the bodies (or rather even the legs) of the attacker and the penultimate defensive player, then the attacker was considered to be in the correct position, if there was “empty space” between the bodies of these players, then this is a violation.
Consider the following episode:
Please note that the legs of the defender and the attacker are on the same line at the time of the pass, and if the violation were recorded by them, then there would be no trace of any violation of the rules. However, Torres' body and head are located closer to the goal line, therefore, the referee did the right thing.
But here is an even more difficult moment, where the attacker is positioned on the same line with the defender, but the attacking player’s head is closer to the opponent’s goal.
Microscopic, but offside nonetheless.
Part 4.
It is also important to remember that offside is not necessarily detected after the pass, but also when the player in front of all the players finishes the ball off the goalkeeper or from the post. Thus, taking advantage of your position.
Player (A) shoots at goal, the ball bounces off the goalkeeper and player (B) touches the ball: it is offside because Player (B) was offside at the time of the kick.
This goal was scored in violation of the rules.
Part 5.
Once again I draw your attention
“A player is in an offside position if he is closer to the opponent’s goal line than the ball and the second-to-last opponent player (including the goalkeeper).”
Yes, yes, the penultimate defensive player is not necessarily a defender. The penultimate player in the defense can be absolutely any player, including the goalkeeper. It should be understood that the offside line and the last defender are not the same thing. In the next episode we see such a picture.
On the first day of the World Cup, the Mexican team's goal against the hosts of the tournament, the South African team, was disallowed by Uzbek referee Ravshan Irmatov and his team. To avoid heated discussions out of the blue in the future, let’s try to analyze this point in detail.
So Torrado takes a corner from the left flank to Franco. He throws the ball to the far post, where it is carried into the goal by Vela.
At this moment, at the moment of the pass, the offside line passes through the goalkeeper, and not through the defender, since it was the goalkeeper who turned out to be the penultimate defensive player, and the defender - the last (the closest player to his own goal line). Therefore, the striker who scored the goal was behind the offside line at the time of the pass and should be penalized with an indirect free kick for being in an offside position and actively interfering with the game. The goal was not correctly counted.
For the same reason, Dominguez's goal should have been canceled, no matter how beautiful it was.
Part 6.
Another misconception is this prevailing stereotype. If, when two attackers come at the goalkeeper in the complete absence of defensive players, the ball is directed forward towards the goal, then it has already formed in the minds of many that in such an episode it should be called “offside”.
This is not so, what matters is not where the ball is directed forward or backward, but where the striker’s partner was relative to this ball. If at the moment of the shot or pass he is closer to the goal line, then it is truly offside, but if not, then there is no offside either.
This episode very accurately characterizes the situation described above. The striker who scored the goal was, at the moment the ball was hit by his teammate, further to the opponent's goal than the ball. And even though the ball was directed forward, the goal must be counted.
Here's a more subtle episode. And again we look at what is closer to the goal line: the ball or the player receiving the pass.
In this case, we see that the linesman fell behind the episode and was unable to correctly understand the moment. The goal must be counted.
It's the same story if the ball gets to a partner through someone else's goalkeeper or goal frame.
As we can see in the freeze frame, the knee of the player going for the finish is slightly closer than the conventional offside line passing through the ball at the moment of the pass. Therefore, this goal should not be counted.
It is important to note that if the assistant is not completely sure about the offside violation, the flag should not be raised.
Part 7.
The next paragraph of rule No. 11 states that a player is not in an offside position if, at the moment the ball is kicked by his teammate, he is in his own half of the field, on the same line as the second to last defensive player, or the last two defensive players.
This point is quite clear and means that a player may be closest to the opponent’s goal than all the defenders and the ball, but in “his” half of the field and then he cannot be in an “offside” position simply by definition. The second part of this paragraph has already been discussed in detail above. By the way, from this paragraph of the rule it follows that the center line of the field can also serve to determine the player’s offside position, but only if all the defenders are on the “foreign” half of the field, and the ball is under the control of the attacking team, but still in “their” half of the field for the team holding the ball.
As we see, at the moment of the pass the player is completely in his own half and there is no “offside” here, not even close. The assistant made a mistake in this episode.
You can also recall Raul’s memorable goal in the Champions League final from a similar situation.
It is interesting that if the attacking player has at least one foot on the opposing side of the field, then in this case the linesman must raise the flag, recording an offside violation.
Part 8.
Now let's look at the next episode.
A player from the defending team accidentally or deliberately ends up behind his goal line, his partner (possibly the goalkeeper) finds himself alone opposite the attacker, who receives the ball from his partner. It would appear that the striker is closer to the opponent's goal line than the ball and the penultimate opponent at the moment the ball is kicked by his teammate, since the other defender is out of bounds. "Out of the game"? Based on the latest recommendations, NO. That is, a defender who finds himself behind his goal line is considered to be in the game until he receives permission from the referee to leave the field.
This goal raised many questions at the time.
Let us briefly recall that at the moment when the Dutch forward was literally shooting at the Italian goal from several meters, Squadra Azzurra defender Christian Panucci was lying behind the front line, who “fell out” of the field after a collision with his own team’s goalkeeper. After the match, the players of the Italian national team (the same Buffon) accused the referee of not having the right to count the goal because it was purely offside. As it turned out, even world-class stars do not know all the nuances of football rules
The goal was scored in accordance with the rules of the game. If a player from the defending team (in this case Panucci) unintentionally leaves the field due to inertia, he is still considered to be in bounds - on the goal line. Therefore, van Nistelrooy was in the right position, conditionally having two opposing players in front of him. If the defender left the field intentionally, the goal would also have to be counted, and the player who went off the field would have to be shown a yellow card.
More than once or twice various questions arose regarding this clause of the rules. Answers were sent more than once or twice, and over time a clear interpretation of such moments was formulated. The defenders of the Italian national team had to reorganize in that episode and not leave the Dutch striker behind them.
Levnikov, commenting on this episode, told another entertaining story:
“The point of the rules is not new at all. The explanation was given a very long time ago: in our country, back in Soviet times. Such episodes just don’t happen so often, attention is not focused on them so much. Of course, now the resonance is different: after all, Italy and Holland played. And I remember this rule well, because in one of the matches of the USSR championship I myself found myself in a similar situation.
In 1989. Metalist and Dynamo Moscow played. The Kharkov football player, by inertia, ran out of the field, got lost among the journalists standing outside the gate - and I didn’t notice him. Dynamo scored a goal, which was canceled by me due to offside. And I got a bad mark for this decision."
A similar episode happened in the year before last in the Champions League match between Lyon and Fiorentina.
This rule is necessary (no matter how unfair it may look in these examples) so that team defenders do not deliberately remain outside the field in order to deliberately leave the attacker out of the game. According to the rules, he is considered to be in the game, and his position on the goal line is taken to determine offside. After all, such episodes do not always occur as a result of injuries.
Let's look at other similar episodes related to this point of the rules.
Please note that when there is a shot on goal, a player from the attacking team is located in front of the goalkeeper in close proximity, thereby preventing him from reacting to the shot. But the goal was counted correctly, because there is another Red player behind the end line.
Now let's see what can happen if a player from the attacking team is carried over the end line.
The player crosses, flies over the end line by inertia, but immediately returns to the game to catch the ball that bounced off the defender. The player did not violate a single rule (he cannot be offside, since he did not receive any pass from his partner), but why the linesman raised the flag remained a mystery.
Arshavin should be called offside in this episode, because he left the field for tactical reasons, reappeared on the field and received an unfair advantage. In this case, Arshavin could have been given a warning
So, we are convinced that when determining the offside position, there is a certain conditional and invisible line, crossing which (towards the “other people’s” goal), the attacker is offside. In different game episodes, this line can be the middle line of the field, the ball line, the line of the penultimate defensive player, and even the goal line.
In order to correctly determine whether a player is offside or not, it is extremely important for the assistant to try to stay on the offside line, and to be extremely concentrated at the time when he needs to make a decision about a violation of Rule No. 11.
Part 9.
There is no violation from the point of view of Rule No. 11 if a player receives the ball directly after a goal kick, throw-in or corner kick. The offside rule only applies to free kicks, free kicks and penalty kicks. These tenets of the rule are quite simple and mean that the striker can be in absolutely any position on the field, and if he receives the ball directly from a goal kick, throw-in or corner kick, then he cannot be penalized for being over the offside line, and the game is not will be stopped by the judge.
Let's consider these cases.
Goal kick.
Let me remind you: a goal kick is the first kick on the ball from the ground made by a goalkeeper or defender after the ball goes over the goal line. All rules (including those relating to offside) apply specifically to this kick, and not to the one in which the goalkeeper knocks the ball from his hands after receiving it from his defender from outside the penalty area.
At the last World Cup, a similar episode occurred in the Germany-England match, when Miroslav Klose scored the first goal against the British. Surprisingly, many specialists, who noticed that the striker was closer to the opponent’s goal than the English defenders at the moment the ball was put into play, hastened to inform the whole world about another mistake in this game (one was not enough for them!!!), misleading thousands of fans.
Here it is necessary to distinguish between the terms “goal kick” and “free kick”. There can be no offside for a goal kick, but for any free kick (for example, for blocking a goalkeeper), the offside rule remains in effect.”
Let's look at another similar episode.
The Argentine goalkeeper puts the ball into play with a goal kick. A player from the attacking team is positioned in shocking solitude near the opponents' penalty area; there is no one within a radius of 20 meters when the ball is kicked out. Almost the entire stadium froze in anticipation of the referee's signal, but it did not come. The linesman, quite rightly, does not raise the flag, but a second later he puts a blot on the faultlessly completed job. Notice that Higuain touches the ball lightly, making it easier for his partner, who is slightly offside at the moment of contact.
"Offside" is not recorded when the ball is thrown in from touch.
We will not go into detail here. Everything is clear if you remember this truism. Otherwise, many, rejoicing at Arshavin’s third goal against the Dutch, were a little annoyed that they were offside. Yes, a clean goal, a clean one!!!
Two more similar cases.
We completely miss the corner, remembering that with this standard the attacking player can be located on the same line with the ball.
However, the referee and assistants must be alert when the player receiving the ball stops and passes the ball back to a teammate who puts the ball into play. If that teammate enters the field of play and is found to be offside, play must be stopped.
Part 10.
Another interesting point that follows from rule No. 11: a player cannot be punished with a warning for systematically violating this rule. Although such wording exists, it does not apply to rule No. 11, i.e., the same player during a match can find himself in an offside position as many times as he likes, and will not receive a warning for these systematic violations.
If the referee decides that a player should be penalized for breaking rule 11, he will award an indirect free kick from the place where the violation occurred, i.e. from the place where the attacking player was at the moment the ball was hit by his teammate, and not from the place where he was at the moment the ball was received. The situation when a free kick is taken from the place where the player received the ball is very common, but this is not entirely true from the point of view of the rules of the game.
Part 11.
The following situation can also be analyzed: a player addresses the ball to his partner, who is in an offside position, but the defender deliberately stops the ball with his hand.
As we can see, the first offside violation occurred earlier than the second (deliberate handball). Disciplinary sanctions are not applied to the defender (in this case, the yellow card should be cancelled), because in this case the fact of interrupting the pass of the ball with his hand is not an act of disrupting an attack, which could not have happened precisely because the attacker was offside.
Part 12.
A player does not have to make a conscious pass to a teammate for him to be offside
The defender kicks the ball away, but the player in red covers him and the ball bounces to his teammate, who is much closer to the goal. It doesn’t matter at all how the ball got to him, the most important thing was the last touch made by his partner. Therefore, offside in this case must be recorded.
Part 13.
Well, concluding today’s lesson, finally, let’s look at another interesting problem.
It should be noted that this point in itself is very difficult to assess directly on the field. Therefore, we will analyze it sequentially: the player in white uniform at the moment of the shot on goal by his teammate is closer to the opponent’s goal line than the ball and the penultimate defensive player (i.e. in an offside position), however, he does not receive the ball immediately after the ball is hit by his teammate, and the ball bounces towards him from the goalkeeper who parried the shot, and only then from the defender who was hit by the ball after the goalkeeper’s “save”. Those. This is a direct illustration of one of the points of Law No. 11 - “a player is penalized for being in an offside position if he gains an advantage due to his position, namely if, after hitting the ball by his team-mate, the ball RECOVERS towards him from ... an opponent ...". In this episode, even from TWO opponents.
In principle, it does not matter at all how many bounces from the opponent(s) occur before the ball hits the attacker, who was in an offside position at the time of the impact, what is important is that the players of the defending team did not play the ball intentionally, and the ball bounced from them by accident. In this game episode, the goal should not have been counted; the correct decision was a free kick in favor of the defending team.
Enough for sourdough. Anyone who wants can stay for an elective: . And tomorrow is the most interesting, surprising and exciting. We’ll talk about the cases in which a player is considered to be in a passive or active offside position, what recommendations exist when a defender is the last to touch the ball, we’ll look at episodes when a goalkeeper is disorientated by a player in an offside position, and I’ll talk about the “wait and watch” recommendation.
P.S. Now I noticed that this entry is the hundredth in my blog. Anniversary! Thanks for reading, come back again.
For topics not related to the topic of the material, with questions and initiatives, it is better to go to.
Barrel. If a player in the final table exceeds the sum of 880 (or has exactly 880), then he is given a barrel (a barrel is conventionally equal to 880 points, usually indicated in the table by an oval). From now on he is given three games to finish the game. In order to finish the batch, he needs to order more than 120 and complete his order (usually 125 order points). Please note - just order (that is, take a purchase), otherwise it will not work. The player participates in the drawing along with everyone else. If you ordered 120 and completed it, then this is not enough - the player continues to sit on the barrel.
You cannot jump over a barrel (that is, you cannot win by passing a barrel).
If in three games (three deals not counting re-deals) the required order is not completed, then it is discarded from the barrel (minus 120, it will receive 760 points in the table), and it is also considered that one barrel has been used.
If the player on the barrel made an order and did not fulfill it, then this order amount is written off to him. In this case, he may have less than 760 in the table (for example, he ordered 125, did not fulfill it, now he has 755). The barrel is considered used.
It happens that the player on the barrel receives a third bolt. In this case, it flies off (minus 120), the barrel is considered used.
If there are several players on the barrel, then the rules agreed upon in advance come into play.
The first (frequent) – when the second player stands on a barrel, the first one flies off (minus 120) and his (the first player’s) barrel is considered used.
The second (not uncommon) is that two people can play on a barrel, but when a third one comes in, he discards both of them, whose barrels become used (usually with 4 players, some agree this way).
Third (rare) - if someone goes on the barrel, then others do not fly off.
If a player falls off the third barrel, that is, three barrels are used, then he receives zero points in the table and starts all over again.
Obligatory (a very common, almost mandatory rule) - if a player is sitting on the third barrel (that is, two have already been used and he is on the third) and he has a third game on it (third deal, not counting mulligans), then he has an obligatory game: the dealer deals to everyone as usual, but the buy-in is immediately given openly (shown to everyone) to this player. Accordingly, it turns out that either he will score his required more than 120 points (even 121 is enough), or he will go to zero and start over.
Dark. It is almost a mandatory element of the game. Sometimes players escalate the situation by using dark ones. When dark, all points are multiplied by two (except for the praises of the player’s opponents). Some players love to frolic, to the point of going dark very, very often. But some players even decide once every few games. Here's how it's done: the dealer began to deal, then the player on the left says “dark” (you can even knock on the table). Only the player on the first hand, on the hundred, can darken. After the dealer has dealt the cards, the player who darkened actually has not “one hundred”, but “one hundred and twenty”. Other players look at their cards, and if they have a praise, they can darken, declaring more than 120. In this case, the game will proceed as usual. And if no one has turned it dark, then the darker receives a buyout without showing it to anyone (in the dark). After giving the cards to his opponents, he plays his “120”. Sometimes (in some companies) the player is allowed to increase the order (more than 120) and then he already plays his order. You can also paint the dark one. After the drawing, all points are doubled, that is, the amount of the order entered into the table is doubled if it is completed (plus) or not completed (minus). Opponents also record double the amount of their points in tricks plus praises (praises are not doubled). If someone received a bolt, then they write two bolts.
A player can only darken if he has 240 points or more in the points table.
If someone is on the barrel, then you can’t darken it.
Additional rules.
"Golden Con" (golden). Another almost mandatory rule. It lies in the fact that the very first round of distribution is played differently: the dealer deals out cards, the player to his left takes the draw in the dark, he must dial 120 - this is his automatic order. After the drawing, all points are doubled, except for opponents' praises. It turns out that the player will either receive plus 240 or receive minus 240 (the difference between them is 480 points! And this is half the game - an extra five hundred to roll. Thus, the golden period is a very important period, determining the entire game for the coming hands, who is behind and who took the lead). This kind of gold is played by everyone once. If no one took the gold (did not complete their order), then the results are reset and the circle of gold is played again. If no one takes gold in three rounds, then you will have to play with the points you have (I mean the points scored for the third round of gold). Thus, for a normal game in the first (or even second) round, at least one must complete the gold one.
Other Additional Rules
If a player is given a buy-in for a hundred, then he does not show the buy-in (“takes it blindly”).
Dump truck. The tipper is the number 555. If a player scores 555 points, then he is reset to zero. This rule is used in all companies with rare exceptions.
Reverse Dumper is the number (-555) that takes the player up to zero. But this rule is rarely used anymore.
Four aces rule. If someone has four aces in their hand when dealt, then they must declare this; this is a mandatory mulligan. Used in almost all companies.
If a player has four aces only after receiving a buy-in, then the agreements diverge: in some companies this is a mandatory mulligan, and in some the player must play, but give at least one ace to another player.
Rule of three redistributions in a row. If a player deals out cards and there is a mulligan (for example, in cases with a buy-in or cases of corresponding cards in hand), then he is counted as one mulligan. If this is followed by another mulligan, then the second mulligan is counted towards the dealer player. It turns out that he has already given away the third game in a row. If for the third time someone demands a redistribution of cards, then minus 120 is written to this dealer, and the redistribution is canceled, the game is played as is (even if there are 4 aces in the hand or two nines in the draw).
End. When someone wins the game, if the game is for money, then the remaining participants pay him the amount that did not reach a thousand. If the game is for fun, then you can only get moral satisfaction and also temporarily increase your heart rate. And yes, the next game is usually dealt first by the winner, and the deck is shuffled before the next game.
Example table (batch)